Each term refers to distinct materials with unique compositions, purposes, and applications. Today, we will dive into the definition and importance of each one within the construction industry.

So, stick with us as we get into the gritty details of these foundational construction elements.

What is Cement?

Cement is used as a binder in concrete.

It’s composed of calcareous and argillaceous elements, including limestone, clay, and marl. These raw materials are extracted and treated by being crushed and heated in a kiln at high temperatures around 2642 °F (1450 °C).

Types of Cement

There are various types of cement, each with its own benefits.

Some of these include:

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): This is widely used for non-specialised applications such as pavements, non-extreme environments, and buildings
Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC): This offers enhanced resistance to chemical attacks on concrete and is used in hydraulic, marine, and seashore construction.
Rapid Hardening Cement: This type of cement sets quickly and is very strong. It’s used for formwork that needs to be removed quickly for reuse or structures that need to be operational immediately.
Low-Heat Cement: This is carefully prepared to provide a lower rate of heat of hydration during setting, reducing the risk of thermal cracking in big concrete structures. This allows for long-term integrity without severe thermal stress.

What is Concrete?

Concrete is a composite material that serves as an integral foundation for various structures. This ranges from simple garden paths to towering skyscrapers.

It's composed of three main materials: water, cement, and aggregates. When the water is added, it causes hydration, which forms a paste to bind the aggregates together. This hardens to create a robust, stone-like material.

Types of concrete

Ready-mix concrete: This is pre-mixed and delivered to construction sites, reducing on-site labour and ensuring quality.
High-performance concrete: This is ideal for tough building situations due to its outstanding strength, durability, and permeability.
Lightweight concrete: This uses lightweight particles, such as perlite or vermiculite, to reduce overall building weight.
Decorative concrete: This is enhanced with colours, patterns, or finishes to fulfil aesthetic goals as well as structural functions.

The Key Difference Between Concrete and Cement

The primary distinction between concrete and cement is in their responsibilities within the building and construction industries and their composition.

While these terms are frequently used interchangeably, they each have specific qualities and applications that anyone undertaking a building project must understand:

Composition and form

Cement is a fine, powdery substance containing calcined limestone and clay. When water is added, this forms the hardened cement used in various construction projects.

Concrete is a composite that consists of gravel, sand, and crushed stone mixed in water. The cement in concrete acts as a glue to bind the components together.

Function

Cement is used as a binder and is a vital component in the production of concrete and mortar.

Concrete is used in construction to support large buildings, roads, and bridges. It can be moulded into various shapes and sizes, and when hardened, it forms a rock-like mass.

Applications

Cement is used in a variety of mixes, besides concrete. It also helps to create mortar for masonry, grout for filling voids, and stucco for buildings.

Concrete is widely used for large structures where safety is vital. This involves the foundations of buildings and the construction of highways and dams. Its longevity makes it highly resistant to destruction.

Common Misconceptions

There are various myths and misconceptions about cement and concrete that need to be clarified:

1. More cement equals stronger concrete

Reality: While cement is necessary for concrete strength, adding too much cement will damage the finished product.

Proper ratios of each element need to be maintained to ensure optimal strength and durability.

2. Concrete and cement are not environmentally friendly

Reality: While cement production is energy-intensive and releases a large amount of CO2 emissions, advances in technology have led to eco-friendly alternatives like green cement and the use of recycled materials in concrete mixes.

3. Concrete is impermeable

Reality: Although concrete is highly resistant to compression and weathering, water and other substances can penetrate the concrete, especially if it’s not mixed or sealed properly.

This may result in problems like freeze-thaw damage in colder climates or corrosion of steel reinforcements.

4. Concrete does not need maintenance

Reality: Despite its durability, concrete requires regular maintenance to prolong its life and maintain its structural integrity.

This includes cleaning, sealing cracks, and reapplication of protective coatings to prevent damage from environmental exposure and load stress.

Choose Beesley and Fildes for Your Concrete and Cement

At Beesley and Fildes, we are your one-stop shop for construction materials and tools.

Our high-quality selection of cement and aggregates offers a variety of products, ranging from specialised road and drive repair to durable render mixes.

Browse our collection today to invest in a durable and reliable project.